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A peace pipe, also called a calumet or medicine pipe, is a ceremonial smoking pipe used by many Native American tribes, traditionally as a token of peace.

A common material for calumet pipe bowls is red pipestone or catlinite, a fine-grained easily-worked stone of a rich red color of the Coteau des Prairies, west of the Big Stone Lake in South Dakota. The quarries were formerly neutral ground among warring tribes; many sacred traditions are associated with the locality.

A type of herbal tobacco or mixture of herbs was usually reserved for special smoking occasions, with each region's people using the plants that were locally considered to have special qualities or a culturally condoned basis for ceremonial use.

Some northern Sioux people used long, stemmed pipes or ceremonies while others such as the Catawbas in the southeast used ceremonial pipes formed as round, footed bowls with a tubular smoke tip projecting from each cardinal direction on the bowl.

Sioux ceremonies included saying a prayer to each of the four cardinal directions and the earth and sky (reportedly viewed as female and male principles, respectively), then a little bit of tobacco would be sprinkled on the ground in recognition of the relationship connecting humans to all other parts of existence. Other Indian peoples used and use pipes in different ways, according to their personal or group beliefs, ceremonies, purposes and habits.

It should be clarified that the television image of a "chief" with long braids smoking a long, feathered "peacepipe" is a false, Hollywood fabrication that absolutely does not convey the variety of practices, pipe forms, or beliefs and ceremonial procedures of the thousands of Indian groups in pre-European North (and South) America.